International Review of Red Crss 2016 Detention Addressing

International Committee of the Red Cross Library

Established	Feb 17, 1863 (1863-02-17)
Coordinates	46°xiii′40″N vi°08′14″E  /  46.227865°N vi.137265°Due east  / 46.227865; 6.137265 Coordinates: 46°13′forty″N half-dozen°08′14″E  /  46.227865°Due north 6.137265°East  / 46.227865; 6.137265
Type	memory establishment, public library, Research library
Founder	Gustave Moynier
Website	https://www.icrc.org/en/library
[edit on Wikidata]

The library of the International Committee of the Cherry-red Cross (ICRC) – in French: la bibliothèque du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) – is a public library based at the headquarter of the international organisation in Geneva, Switzerland. Information technology was patently founded around the fourth dimension of the ICRC'due south inception in 1863.

The library in its self-clarification is "the leading documentary resource" on the ICRC in item and International humanitarian law (IHL) in general, along with the ICRC Archives.^[one] It plays a central part for the mandate of the ICRC co-ordinate to commodity 4 (m) of its Statutes

"to work for the understanding and broadcasting of noesis of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts and to fix whatsoever development thereof".^[2]

History [edit]

The early on period: Ancien Fonds [edit]

Moynier at his individual residence in Rue de 50'Athénée 8, photographed past his son Adolphe, who was likewise treasurer of the ICRC

The ICRC – or rather its predecessor, the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded – was founded in February 1863 in Geneva by five men: businessman-turned-activist Henry Dunant, who had laid out the basic ideas in his much-acclaimed book A Retention of Solferino; lawyer and philanthropist Gustave Moynier; the medical doctors Louis Appia and Théodor Maunoir; and the General Guillaume Henri Dufour.^[three] The exact date of the creation of the library is unknown. It is first mentioned in the records of 1875, just

"nosotros may suppose that information technology was born at the same time as the organization, initially perhaps simply taking the form of a collection of works belonging to the Commission's founders."^[1]

The actual address of the newly founded Carmine Cross – and thus at to the lowest degree a part of its fledgling library – became Dunant's private residence, the 3rd floor of his family's "Maison Diodati" in the Old Town at Rue du Puits-Saint-Pierre 4. However, as Dunant's colonial businesses in Algeria complanate, he declared defalcation in 1867 and was pushed out of the ICRC by its president Moynier in the following yr. It may be causeless that Dunant's collection of ICRC-related publications was transferred to Moynier's fantabulous city residence in Rue de fifty'Athénée No. 8,^[three] since he was conspicuously the driving force behind the creation of a library.^[1]

Paul des Gouttes (left) at a desk in the library and museum room of Rue de l'Athénée iii, 1900

In 1871, the ICRC moved into an apartment of a building at Rue de l'Athénée No. 3, only across the street from Moynier's splendid town residence in Rue de l'Athénée No. 8.^{[i] [4] [5]} While it was a very representative accost, the function spaces were still rather pocket-size with just iii rooms.^[6] One of them served both as library and museum.^[7]

In 1878, Moynier alleged that the library should be accessible to all.^[8] In the same year he completely reorganized its collections and wrote himself past a hand a new catalog.

"The Heritage Collection remains to this day organized according to the nomenclature arrangement that he prepare. Items are shelved first by source, so past subject area, author and appointment of publication. This Nomenclature system makes information technology possible to follow the spread of Red Cross action across the world and the creation of a network of National Societies outset in Europe and then further afield. The largest number of items in the Heritage Collection come up from Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. As well, the Drove includes publications from Communist china, Cuba, Brazil, the United States and Mexico, and even one from a brusque-lived micro-nation, the Gratis State of Counani."^[i]

As the Red Cross motion and the collections of its library expanded, the aging Moynier delegated some administrative tasks similar the direction of the library upon the recommendation of his nephew and futurity successor, Gustave Ador, to Paul Des Gouttes, a lawyer, who was appointed the secretarial assistant of the Commission in 1898.^[1] He was a nephew of Moynier's as well.^[9]

Post-Earth War I [edit]

Étienne Clouzot during WWI at the musée Rath, where he also published a news bulletin for the International Prisoners of War Bureau

Soon subsequently the end of the Start World War, the ICRC moved to its new headquarters at the Promenade du Pivot at the edge of the Old Town.^[x] The library was accommodated there next to a large foyer.^[eleven] The responsibility for the library was now taken over by Étienne Clouzot, an archivist palaeographer, who was as well a columnist for the liberal daily newspaper Periodical de Genève. During WWI he had designed the classification system for the millions of alphabetize cards. In 1919 he succeeded Des Gouttes as head of the ICRC Secretariat^[1] and in that position gave the library a great boost, especially by establishing a systematic exchange of publications with the national societies of the Carmine Cross Movement.^[11]

In June 1933, the ICRC moved its headquarters away from the Old Boondocks^[11] and – "by a curious plough in history" – into the splendid Villa Moynier in the quarter of Sécheron.^[3] It had been built in 1848 for the broker Barthélemy Paccard and was so owned past his son-in-law Gustave Moynier, who had stayed in that office for a tape-term of 47 years until his death in 1910. Situated in the middle of the big Parc Moynier on the shores of Lake Geneva, the Villa had housed the League of Nations in 1926.^[1] The urban center of Geneva so caused it and rented it out to the ICRC.^[3] A room on the ground floor was reserved for the library next to the museum room and the meeting hall. Withal, this "eccentric" location and a lack of staff assigned to it made the library effectively dormant.^[eleven]

Mail service-World War II [edit]

In 1946 the ICRC moved its headquarters from the Villa Moynier to the former Carlton Hotel in the quarter of Pregny.^[11] The neoclassical building on a colina above the Palace of Nations was provided to the organisation past the Canton of Geneva through a long-term lease.^[12] The library was assigned a "small" place. Two years later, in 1948, the new drove, which had been added to the Heritage Collection since 1919, was completely reorganised and catalogued.^[5]

Yet, information technology was only a quarter of a century subsequently, in 1972, that the governing body of the ICRC assigned a more prominent room to the library. At the same time, it raised its status and confirmed the mandate to not but preserve Ruby-red Cross publications, simply also to comprehensively acquire IHL publications.^[5] Ten years afterwards, a thesaurus-based reference organisation was introduced which allowed users easier access to documents.^[4]

In 1987, the library moved into the newly constructed building no. iii (level −2) side by side to the Carlton. Two years subsequently, a computerised catalogue system was established.

Mail service-1990 [edit]

The kickoff computer with internet access was introduced in the reading hall in 1995. 5 years afterward, the library catalogue became accessible through the intranet.^[5]

Since 2010, the ICRC Library, public archives and audiovisual archives have get office of the same unit, under the umbrella of the ICRC Archives and Information Management service. This authoritative reform is part of the efforts to cope with the growing complexity of big information and at the same time the fragmentation of information due to the rapid development of digital technologies.^[13]

Collections and Holdings [edit]

The reading room with a poster of Dunant on the correct

The heritage collection of the ancien fonds (Signature: AF) comprises almost 4,000 books, brochures, reports, manuals and press cuttings from over twoscore countries.^[1]

Some members of the ICRC, beginning and foremost Gustave Moynier, contributed books from their private holdings to the library. The drove of Paul Des Gouttes was donated later his death in 1943 past his widow, including a copy of Un souvenir de Solférino from the first edition, which Dunant had limited to a total of 100 copies.^[11]

The library collections are constantly updated with new acquisitions roofing IHL and the work of the organization.^[i]

As of early 2020, the ICRC library counted some 41,000 references in its catalogue. They include:

"preparatory documents, reports, records and minutes of Diplomatic Conferences where the main IHL treaties were adopted; records of Crimson Cantankerous and Ruby-red Crescent Movement conferences, during which many IHL matters are discussed; every issue of the International Review of the Cherry-red Cross since it was founded; all ICRC publications; rare documents published in the menses between the founding of ICRC and the terminate of the Kickoff Earth War and charting the influence of Dunant'south ideas; and a unique drove of legislation and instance law implementing IHL at domestic level."^[14]

Galleries [edit]

The Heritage Collection [edit]

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  Embrace of Moynier's handwritten catalog

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  List of publications from Switzerland in the catalog

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  Listing of Moynier'south own publications

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  1859 book by co-founder Louis Appia

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  Outset edition of "Un Souvenir de Solferino" by Dunant

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  Proceedings of the 1864 briefing that led to the Showtime Geneva Convention

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  1903 "LIVRE ROUGE" by the regime of Counani

POW journals from WWI [edit]

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Stamps [edit]

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Autographs [edit]

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  Gustave Moynier

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  1946 dedication by JER Wood to Huber "whose parcels saved our bacon."

See as well [edit]

• Listing of libraries in Switzerland

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d due east f grand h i j} Raboud, Ismaël; Niederhauser, Matthieu; Mohr, Charlotte (2018). "Reflections on the development of the Motion and international humanitarian law through the lens of the ICRC Library'southward Heritage Collection". International Review of the Cherry-red Cross. 100 (907–909): 143–163. doi:x.1017/S1816383119000365. S2CID 200043656.
2. ^ Crenn, Sonia; Kuster, Etienne (2016). "Sharing data and promoting international humanitarian constabulary (IHL) at the ICRC" (PDF). Vereinigung der Juristischen Bibliotheken der Schweiz (VJBS) . Retrieved ten September 2020.
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Durand, Roger; Rouèche, Michel (1986). Ces lieux où Henry Dunant (in French and English language). Geneva: Société Henry Dunant. pp. 36–43, 54–55. ISBN9782881630033.
4. ^ ^{a b} Gonset, Christiane (1993). Description et promotion de la bibliothèque du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge. Geneva. pp. three–4.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Genneret, Sophie (2001). Réorganisation et développement de la salle de référence de la bibliothèque du CICR (in French). Geneva: l'école supérieure de commerce André-Chavanne. pp. 7–viii.
6. ^ Chenevière, Jacques (June 1967). "The Kickoff «Prisoners of War Bureau» Geneva 1914–1918". International Review of the Scarlet Cross. 75.
7. ^ "Reference : V-P-HIST-03046-28". ICRC AUDIOVISUAL ARCHIVES . Retrieved 28 August 2020.
8. ^ Moynier, Gustave (1878). "La bibliothèque du Comité international". Message International des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge. 9 (35): 199.
9. ^ Fiscalini, Diego (1985). Des élites au service d'une crusade humanitaire : le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge. Geneva: Université de Genève, faculté des lettres, département d'histoire. p. 28.
10. ^ McKnight Hashemi, Valerie (2018). "A balancing act: The revised rules of access to the ICRC Archives reverberate multiple stakes and challenges" (PDF). International Review of the Cerise Cross. 100 (1-two-iii) (907–909): 373–394. doi:10.1017/S1816383119000316. S2CID 197734726.
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Riser, Marie-Madeleine (1948). La bibliothèque du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge : réorganisation et cataloguement (in French). Geneva: l'Ecole d'études sociales de Genève. pp. 1–3.
12. ^ Kuntz, Joëlle (2017). International Geneva : 100 years of compages. Geneva: Éditions Slatkine. pp. 132–139. ISBN978-2-8321-0842-0.
13. ^ Troyon Borgeaud, Brigitte (2020). "Le CICR: un service qui due south'adapte à l'environnement informationnel". Arbido – die Fachzeitschrift für Archiv, Bibliothek und Dokumentation (in French). 1.
14. ^ "Library". CROSS-files . Retrieved 26 Baronial 2020.

External links [edit]

• Cross-files – blog promoting the contents of ICRC Audiovisual archives, Library collections, General Athenaeum and Agency Archives
• @ICRC_library on Twitter
• Online Catalog

ackermannprall2001.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross_Library

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